化学深耕堂
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长按识别丨直达原文
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深耕点评
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美国Scripps研究所余金权团队报道了一种酰胺和胺导向的Pd(II)催化β-C(sp³)–H活化成环方法,通过分子内烯烃迁移插入及后续氮环化构建[3.2.1]和[4.2.1]含氮双环,并进一步将反应拓展至非活化二烯,经分子内[4+2]环化获得[3.3.1]和[4.3.1]双环内酰胺。该方法兼容多种官能团和药物相关片段,实现了多种环尺寸含氮双环骨架的统一构建。
深耕亮点:
1)β-C(sp³)–H活化直接构建[3.2.1]和[4.2.1]桥环内酰胺。 酰胺导向C–H活化后,底物中的烯烃发生分子内迁移插入和β-氢消除,生成的不饱和中间体进一步经历分子内氮杂Michael加成(aza-Michael addition),连续形成新的C–C键和C–N键。多数[3.2.1]双环内酰胺以中等至良好收率获得,部分底物收率可达90%左右,并可进一步扩展至七元[4.2.1]桥环骨架。
2)非活化二烯将C–H活化拓展至[3.3.1]和[4.3.1]双环骨架。 将活化烯烃替换为非活化二烯后,β-C(sp³)–H活化与二烯迁移插入相结合,实现[3.3.1]和[4.3.1]桥环内酰胺的构建。作者提出该过程可能涉及π-烯丙基钯中间体,并经后续成键完成分子内[4+2]环化,进一步拓展了可获得的双环尺寸和骨架类型。
3)胺导向C(sp³)–H活化进一步构建[3.2.1]氮杂双环。 该反应模式由羧酰胺进一步扩展至烷基胺,在NaOAc/K₂CO₃双碱体系下促进C–H活化及后续氮杂Michael环化,多种胺类底物均可转化为相应[3.2.1]氮杂双环,表明这一成环模式可覆盖不同类型的含氮底物。
4)药物相关片段和后续转化拓展双环骨架的合成用途。 Celecoxib、Deracoxib等药物相关片段可直接参与环化,并以48%–75%的收率获得相应双环衍生物;所得内酰胺还可进一步进行消除、还原和脱保护,转化为烯烃、醇及游离胺等结构,为后续官能化提供直接入口。
Abstract
A carboxamide- or amine-directed Pd(II)-catalyzed tandem intramolecularβ-C(sp3)–H olefination/N-cyclization has been developed for the rapid construction of [3.2.1] N-heterobicyclic frameworks, which are ubiquitous in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. The transformation accommodates a range of [3.2.1] N-heterobicyclic amide and amine substrates, exhibits good functional-group tolerance, and provides access to seven-membered bicyclo[4.2.1] lactams. Moreover, this strategy provides access to complex [3.3.1] and [4.3.1] bicyclic lactams via β-C(sp3)–H activation followed by an intramolecular [4 + 2] annulation with dienes. This concise and general approach offers a valuable disconnection for the streamlined construction of diverse sp3-rich bicyclic heterocyclic scaffolds.
作者信息
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https://www.scripps.
edu/yu/jqy.html
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