从“夯爆了”到“文字失语症”：我们失去了什么？

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▲ 人们不愿耗费精力组织语言、打磨表达，久而久之形成“懒得说、不会说、说不好”的表达惰性。图片来源：AI制图

“这里的景色夯爆了！”“这部剧拉完了。”当下，以“夯”喻极致优秀、以“拉”判极度糟糕的极简网络评价体系，正快速渗透大众日常表达。从影视、美食到自然景观、社会事件，各类事物均被纳入“夯/拉”判断框架。

"The scenery here is absolutely hang!" "This drama is totally la!" In contemporary Chinese internet slang, hang—literally “ram” or “tamp”—is used to describe something extraordinarily good, while la—literally “pull” or “drag”—marks something as utterly terrible. This minimalist vocabulary of online commentary is rapidly seeping into everyday expression. From films, television dramas, and cuisine to natural landscapes and social events, almost everything can now be placed within the framework of hang and la.

01网络语言泛化削弱表达能力

Generalization of internet slang weakens expressive ability

在一定意义上看，“夯”“拉”等网络词语以及用拼音首字母缩写表达的词语的广泛流行折射出互联网时代的一种“文字失语症”。

To a certain extent, the popularity of internet terms such as hang and la, as well as expressions formed by abbreviating Pinyin initials, reflects a kind of verbal aphasia in the internet age.

西北师范大学外国语学院教授曹进表示，在短视频、即时通讯、算法推送的裹挟下，人们不愿耗费精力组织语言、打磨表达，久而久之形成懒得说、不会说、说不好的表达惰性。

Cao Jin, a professor from the College of Foreign Languages and Literature at Northwest Normal University, said that driven by short videos, instant messaging, and algorithmic content feeds, many are increasingly unwilling to expend the effort needed to organize language or refine expression. Over time, this develops into an expressive inertia marked by being “too lazy to speak, unable to speak, and poor at speaking.”

中国社会科学院语言研究所新型辞书编辑室青年学者梁鑫渊提到，文字失语症正呈现场景泛化、对象低龄化的新趋势。网络用语早已跳出社交平台，渗透到课堂作文、公开演讲、正式出版乃至学术文章，破坏书面语的规范性。

Liang Xinyuan, a young scholar at the new dictionary editorial office of the Institute of Linguistics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, added that verbal aphasia is showing two new tendencies: the generalization of contexts and the lowering of the age of those affected. Internet slang has long since moved beyond social media platforms and has infiltrated classroom essays, public speeches, formal publications, and even academic articles, undermining the normative standards of written language.

02“梗文化”带来双刃剑效应

Double-edged sword of ‘meme culture’

梁鑫渊介绍，“网络迷因”源自英国理查德·道金斯《自私的基因》，指可复制传播的文化信息单元，在互联网语境下泛指语言、图片、视频等可被不断改写、快速传播的文化元素。这一概念与传统相声中的“哏”相近，后在网络传播中俗写为“梗”并广泛流行。

Liang explained that the term “meme” derives from British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins’ The Selfish Gene, where it refers to units of cultural information capable of replication and transmission. In the internet context, it broadly refers to cultural elements—such as phrases, images, and videos—that can be continuously adapted and rapidly disseminated. The concept is similar to gen, or comedic trope, in xiangsheng, traditional Chinese crosstalk. Later, in online communication, it was colloquially written as geng, meaning joke, and became widely popular.

广东外语外贸大学新闻与传播学院教授朱秀凌认为，“梗文化”赋予语言极强的创造力与共情力，成为数字时代年轻人高效的身份认同与情感连接工具，一定程度上丰富了语言“修辞库存”，但隐忧同样显著。当“梗”成为默认表达选项时，表达方式同质化会削减语言文字深度，人们逐渐丧失用精准、细腻母语描述复杂感受的能力。在追求“爆款传播”的过程中，语义易被简化、泛化甚至扭曲，表达精度让位于传播效率。

Zhu Xiuling, a professor from the School of Journalism and Communication at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, argued that meme culture gives language powerful creativity and empathic force, making it an efficient tool for young people in the digital age to establish identity and forge emotional connections. To some extent, it enriches the rhetorical repertoire of language, but its hidden risks are equally significant. When memes become the default mode of expression, homogenized expressive styles diminish the depth of language, and people gradually lose the ability to use precise, nuanced native language to describe complex feelings. In the pursuit of virality, meaning is easily simplified, generalized, or even distorted, as expressive precision gives way to communicative efficiency.

03语言精度流失加剧社会沟通鸿沟

Loss of linguistic precision widens social communication divide

曹进表示，算法倾向推送浅层、易传播、高情绪价值的语言内容，富含文化内涵、逻辑严谨的深度表达因传播效率低被边缘化。

Cao said algorithms tend to promote shallow, easily transmissible, and emotionally rewarding linguistic content, while deeper expressions rich in cultural substance and logical rigor are marginalized because of their lower communicative efficiency.

曹进认为，语言精度流失会按表达模糊—理解偏差—共识破裂的逻辑，加剧社会沟通鸿沟，且沿代际、圈层、场景三条主线持续扩大，最终拉低社会沟通的效率与质量。

Cao believes that the erosion of linguistic precision widens the social communication gap according to the process of “vague expression—misunderstanding—breakdown of consensus,” and that this gap continues to expand along three axes: generation, social circle, and context, ultimately lowering both the efficiency and quality of social communication.

在朱秀凌看来，“这种割裂不仅存在于代际之间，更蔓延至公共讨论：严肃议题被情绪标签替代，复杂问题被简化为对立口号，社会共识愈发难以达成。”

In Zhu’s view, “This fragmentation exists not only between generations but has also spread into public discourse: Serious issues are replaced by emotional labels, complex problems are simplified into antagonistic slogans, and social consensus becomes increasingly difficult to achieve.”

曹进提出古今结合的阅读方法。比如，精读四大名著、《古文观止》、朱自清散文等经典文本，积累精准词汇、凝练句式，感受母语逻辑与美感；观看优质文化节目，激活表达敏感度，学习规范且鲜活的表达逻辑。

Cao suggested a reading approach that combines classical and contemporary works. For example, intensive reading of classic texts can help readers accumulate precise vocabulary and refined sentence structures, while fostering appreciation for the logic and aesthetic beauty of their native language. Quality cultural programs can also awaken sensitivity to expression and teach forms of communication that are normative yet vivid.

来源：ChineseSocialSciencesToday微信公众号

新媒体编辑：宗敏

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